Buying an HDB flat is not just about choosing a property. Your eligibility, grant amount, and purchasing options depend largely on the scheme under which you are buying. Many buyers are familiar with grants such as the Enhanced CPF Housing Grant (EHG), Family Grant, and Proximity Housing Grant (PHG). However, fewer realise that these grants […]
GRANDEUR PARK RESIDENCES
Market Snapshot
Historical transaction information is presented for market research and does not constitute a valuation or investment recommendation.
Market Trends
Average Price & Transaction Trend
Monthly average transacted price and sales volume from the first available record since 2017.
Transaction Breakdown (Last 12 Months)
Based on completed transactions from Aug 2025 to Jul 2026.
Unit Size Distribution
Only size ranges with recorded transactions are shown.
Price Distribution
Recorded transactions grouped into price ranges.
Recent Transactions by Unit Size
<500 sqft Average Price Trend
<500 sqft Transaction Volume
| Month | Sales | Price (A) | Min | Max | PSF (A) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-03 | 1 | $888K | $888K | $888K | $1,964 |
| 2025-11 | 1 | $885K | $885K | $885K | $2,108 |
| 2025-10 | 1 | $870K | $870K | $870K | $2,072 |
| Date | Type | Level | Area | PSF | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-03 | Condominium | 06 to 10 | 452 sqft | $1,964 | $888K |
| 2025-11 | Condominium | 11 to 15 | 420 sqft | $2,108 | $885K |
| 2025-10 | Condominium | 06 to 10 | 420 sqft | $2,072 | $870K |
500 – 780 sqft Average Price Trend
500 – 780 sqft Transaction Volume
| Month | Sales | Price (A) | Min | Max | PSF (A) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-05 | 1 | $1.14M | $1.14M | $1.14M | $1,961 |
| 2026-04 | 2 | $1.31M | $1.23M | $1.39M | $2,096 |
| 2026-03 | 2 | $1.24M | $1.12M | $1.36M | $2,018 |
| 2026-01 | 2 | $1.16M | $1.15M | $1.17M | $2,033 |
| 2025-12 | 1 | $1.34M | $1.34M | $1.34M | $2,146 |
| 2025-11 | 2 | $1.18M | $1.1M | $1.26M | $1,990 |
| 2025-10 | 3 | $1.28M | $1.25M | $1.32M | $2,042 |
| Date | Type | Level | Area | PSF | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-05 | Condominium | 01 to 05 | 581 sqft | $1,961 | $1.14M |
| 2026-04 | Condominium | 11 to 15 | 667 sqft | $2,075 | $1.39M |
| 2026-04 | Condominium | 11 to 15 | 581 sqft | $2,116 | $1.23M |
| 2026-03 | Condominium | 06 to 10 | 667 sqft | $2,030 | $1.36M |
| 2026-03 | Condominium | 11 to 15 | 560 sqft | $2,006 | $1.12M |
| 2026-01 | Condominium | 11 to 15 | 560 sqft | $2,090 | $1.17M |
| 2026-01 | Condominium | 06 to 10 | 581 sqft | $1,975 | $1.15M |
| 2025-12 | Condominium | 06 to 10 | 624 sqft | $2,146 | $1.34M |
781 – 1000 sqft Average Price Trend
781 – 1000 sqft Transaction Volume
| Month | Sales | Price (A) | Min | Max | PSF (A) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-05 | 1 | $2.05M | $2.05M | $2.05M | $2,093 |
| 2026-04 | 4 | $1.77M | $1.7M | $1.87M | $1,993 |
| 2026-01 | 3 | $1.78M | $1.73M | $1.82M | $2,006 |
| 2025-10 | 2 | $1.78M | $1.72M | $1.85M | $2,020 |
| 2025-08 | 1 | $1.71M | $1.71M | $1.71M | $1,912 |
| Date | Type | Level | Area | PSF | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-05 | Condominium | 06 to 10 | 980 sqft | $2,093 | $2.05M |
| 2026-04 | Condominium | 11 to 15 | 893 sqft | $2,093 | $1.87M |
| 2026-04 | Condominium | 01 to 05 | 893 sqft | $1,897 | $1.7M |
| 2026-04 | Condominium | 01 to 05 | 883 sqft | $1,980 | $1.75M |
| 2026-04 | Condominium | 06 to 10 | 883 sqft | $2,003 | $1.77M |
| 2026-01 | Condominium | 06 to 10 | 893 sqft | $1,941 | $1.73M |
| 2026-01 | Condominium | 11 to 15 | 883 sqft | $2,039 | $1.8M |
| 2026-01 | Condominium | 06 to 10 | 893 sqft | $2,037 | $1.82M |
1201 – 1500 sqft Average Price Trend
1201 – 1500 sqft Transaction Volume
| Month | Sales | Price (A) | Min | Max | PSF (A) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025-10 | 2 | $2.62M | $2.3M | $2.93M | $1,937 |
| 2025-09 | 1 | $2.97M | $2.97M | $2.97M | $2,044 |
| 2025-08 | 1 | $2.95M | $2.95M | $2.95M | $2,030 |
| Date | Type | Level | Area | PSF | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025-10 | Condominium | 01 to 05 | 1,238 sqft | $1,858 | $2.3M |
| 2025-10 | Condominium | 11 to 15 | 1,453 sqft | $2,016 | $2.93M |
| 2025-09 | Condominium | 06 to 10 | 1,453 sqft | $2,044 | $2.97M |
| 2025-08 | Condominium | 06 to 10 | 1,453 sqft | $2,030 | $2.95M |
1501 – 2000 sqft Average Price Trend
1501 – 2000 sqft Transaction Volume
| Month | Sales | Price (A) | Min | Max | PSF (A) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025-11 | 1 | $2.82M | $2.82M | $2.82M | $1,616 |
| Date | Type | Level | Area | PSF | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025-11 | Condominium | 11 to 15 | 1,744 sqft | $1,616 | $2.82M |
Location Map
Explore the development in detail with interactive maps. Switch between OneMap, Satellite, Land Lot and URA Master Plan to better understand the development and its surroundings.
Nearby Amenities
Closest amenities from GRANDEUR PARK RESIDENCES. Distances are straight-line estimates.
MRT / LRT
- TANAH MERAH MRT STATION250 mNEW UPPER CHANGI ROAD
- BEDOK SOUTH MRT STATION1.1 kmUPPER EAST COAST ROAD
- BAYSHORE MRT STATION1.4 kmBAYSHORE ROAD
Primary Schools
- BEDOK GREEN PRIMARY SCHOOL830 mBEDOK SOUTH AVENUE 2
- TEMASEK PRIMARY SCHOOL880 mBEDOK SOUTH AVENUE 3
- ST. ANTHONY'S CANOSSIAN PRIMARY SCHOOL1.2 kmBEDOK NORTH AVENUE 4
- RED SWASTIKA SCHOOL1.5 kmBEDOK NORTH AVENUE 3
- FENGSHAN PRIMARY SCHOOL1.6 kmBEDOK NORTH ROAD
Secondary Schools
- BEDOK VIEW SECONDARY SCHOOL200 mBEDOK SOUTH AVENUE 3
- BEDOK SOUTH SECONDARY SCHOOL650 mJALAN LANGGAR BEDOK
- ANGLICAN HIGH SCHOOL740 mUPPER CHANGI ROAD
- TEMASEK SECONDARY SCHOOL1.1 kmUPPER EAST COAST ROAD
Post-Secondary
- TEMASEK JUNIOR COLLEGE1.3 kmBEDOK SOUTH ROAD
- ITE COLLEGE EAST1.5 kmSIMEI AVENUE
- TEMASEK POLYTECHNIC2.8 kmTAMPINES AVENUE 1
MOE Kindergartens
- MOE KINDERGARTEN @ TEMASEK880 mBEDOK SOUTH AVENUE 3
- MOE KINDERGARTEN @ FENGSHAN1.6 kmBEDOK NORTH ROAD
Hawker Centres
- New Upper Changi Road Blk 58470 mNew Upper Changi Road
- Bedok North Street 4 Blk 85 (85 Fengshan Centre)1.0 kmBedok North Street 4
- Bedok South Road Blk 161.2 kmBedok South Road
Hospitals
- CHANGI GENERAL HOSPITAL1.8 kmSIMEI STREET 3
- ST. ANDREW'S COMMUNITY HOSPITAL1.9 kmSIMEI STREET 3
Parks
- JLN LIMAU KASTURI OS150 m
- JLN LIMAU KASTURI PG200 m
- BEDOK TERRACE PG260 m
Libraries
- Bedok Library1.5 kmBedok North Street 1
- Tampines Library3.2 kmTampines Walk
Community Clubs
- Siglap CC460 mBedok South Avenue 3
- Fengshan CC810 mBedok North Street 4
Sport Facilities
- Bedok Stadium710 mBedok North Street 2
- ActiveSG Sport Park @ Bedok North950 mBedok North Street 2
- Heartbeat@Bedok ActiveSG Sport Centre1.5 kmBedok North Street 1
Market Position & Nearby Transactions
How GRANDEUR PARK RESIDENCES compares with District 16 projects and transactions recorded within 1 km over the latest 12 months.
Position Within District 16
Comparable Condos Within 1 km
Up to 20 nearest eligible condominium and EC projects. PSF (M) means median PSF for the latest 12 months.
| Project | Distance | TOP / Age | Units | 12M Sales | PSF (M) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GREEN PARK | 89 m | 197650 yrs old | — | 0 | — |
| THE GLADES | 120 m | 20179 yrs old | 726 | 42 | $1,731 |
| ECO | 244 m | — | 748 | 28 | $1,537 |
| URBAN VISTA | 252 m | 201610 yrs old | 582 | 30 | $1,632 |
| THE TANAMERA | 304 m | — | — | 8 | $1,234 |
| BEDOK COURT | 337 m | 198541 yrs old | — | 7 | $1,057 |
| EAST MEADOWS | 371 m | 200125 yrs old | — | 14 | $1,214 |
| TANAH MERAH MANSION | 391 m | 198442 yrs old | — | 1 | $1,178 |
| LIMAU PARK | 420 m | — | — | 1 | $1,515 |
| CASA MERAH | 539 m | 200917 yrs old | 556 | 23 | $1,538 |
| SIEW LIM PARK | 558 m | — | — | 2 | $693 |
| TANAH MERAH GREEN | 565 m | — | — | 2 | $1,753 |
| ENGLISH VILLAS | 572 m | 199927 yrs old | — | 1 | $512 |
| OPTIMA @ TANAH MERAH | 585 m | 201412 yrs old | 297 | 8 | $1,544 |
| KEW GATE | 633 m | 199729 yrs old | — | 2 | $988 |
| PEAKVIEW ESTATE | 653 m | 197947 yrs old | — | 5 | $1,957 |
| KEW GROVE | 714 m | — | — | 0 | — |
| KEW PLACE | 714 m | — | — | 1 | $1,776 |
| EAST VILLAGE | 722 m | 201412 yrs old | 90 | 4 | $1,171 |
| CASA FLORA | 741 m | 198739 yrs old | — | 0 | — |
Nearby Transactions by Unit Size
Transactions from eligible condominium and EC projects within 1 km during the latest 12 months.
<500 sqft Nearby Average Price Trend
<500 sqft Nearby Transaction Volume
| Month | Sales | Price (A) | Min | Max | PSF (A) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-07 | 1 | $740K | $740K | $740K | $1,677 |
| 2026-05 | 1 | $725K | $725K | $725K | $1,643 |
| 2026-04 | 2 | $723.5K | $722K | $725K | $1,640 |
| 2026-03 | 1 | $820K | $820K | $820K | $1,731 |
| 2026-02 | 1 | $728K | $728K | $728K | $1,650 |
| 2026-01 | 1 | $820K | $820K | $820K | $1,731 |
| 2025-12 | 2 | $785K | $735K | $835K | $1,695 |
| 2025-11 | 3 | $778.3K | $735K | $800K | $1,644 |
| 2025-08 | 1 | $730K | $730K | $730K | $1,654 |
| Condo | Type | Units | Sales | Price (A) | PSF (A) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| URBAN VISTA | Condo | 582 | 8 | $730K | $1,654 |
| THE GLADES | Condo | 726 | 5 | $815K | $1,691 |
500–780 sqft Nearby Average Price Trend
500–780 sqft Nearby Transaction Volume
| Month | Sales | Price (A) | Min | Max | PSF (A) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-07 | 3 | $1.08M | $915K | $1.35M | $1,706 |
| 2026-06 | 6 | $984.3K | $903K | $1.29M | $1,496 |
| 2026-05 | 1 | $853K | $853K | $853K | $1,219 |
| 2026-04 | 4 | $1.06M | $920K | $1.2M | $1,613 |
| 2026-03 | 4 | $1.03M | $805K | $1.18M | $1,579 |
| 2026-02 | 8 | $1.03M | $709K | $1.27M | $1,621 |
| 2026-01 | 5 | $1.12M | $865K | $1.35M | $1,726 |
| 2025-12 | 4 | $1.05M | $905K | $1.22M | $1,645 |
| 2025-11 | 5 | $1.03M | $888K | $1.22M | $1,602 |
| 2025-10 | 4 | $1.05M | $923K | $1.25M | $1,627 |
| 2025-09 | 4 | $1.05M | $910K | $1.21M | $1,654 |
| 2025-08 | 10 | $1.06M | $888K | $1.21M | $1,652 |
| Condo | Type | Units | Sales | Price (A) | PSF (A) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| THE GLADES | Condo | 726 | 26 | $1.16M | $1,726 |
| ECO | Condo | 748 | 18 | $942.3K | $1,486 |
| URBAN VISTA | Condo | 582 | 13 | $968.4K | $1,607 |
| EAST VILLAGE | Apt | 90 | 1 | $709K | $1,401 |
781–1,000 sqft Nearby Average Price Trend
781–1,000 sqft Nearby Transaction Volume
| Month | Sales | Price (A) | Min | Max | PSF (A) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-07 | 1 | $1.55M | $1.55M | $1.55M | $1,846 |
| 2026-06 | 3 | $1.45M | $1.28M | $1.55M | $1,617 |
| 2026-05 | 1 | $1.7M | $1.7M | $1.7M | $1,712 |
| 2026-04 | 3 | $1.23M | $928.9K | $1.39M | $1,466 |
| 2026-03 | 8 | $1.34M | $1.09M | $1.53M | $1,588 |
| 2026-01 | 6 | $1.34M | $1.13M | $1.55M | $1,501 |
| 2025-12 | 1 | $1.17M | $1.17M | $1.17M | $1,235 |
| 2025-11 | 4 | $1.2M | $980K | $1.37M | $1,395 |
| 2025-09 | 2 | $1.25M | $1.06M | $1.44M | $1,459 |
| 2025-08 | 5 | $1.3M | $1.15M | $1.48M | $1,456 |
| Condo | Type | Units | Sales | Price (A) | PSF (A) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| THE GLADES | Condo | 726 | 7 | $1.44M | $1,700 |
| URBAN VISTA | Condo | 582 | 7 | $1.21M | $1,473 |
| ECO | Condo | 748 | 6 | $1.36M | $1,572 |
| OPTIMA @ TANAH MERAH | Condo | 297 | 5 | $1.36M | $1,531 |
| CASA MERAH | Apt | 556 | 4 | $1.47M | $1,545 |
| THE TANAMERA | Condo | — | 3 | $1.17M | $1,222 |
| EAST MEADOWS | Condo | — | 1 | $1.13M | $1,191 |
| EAST VILLAGE | Apt | 90 | 1 | $1.06M | $1,201 |
1,001–1,200 sqft Nearby Average Price Trend
1,001–1,200 sqft Nearby Transaction Volume
| Month | Sales | Price (A) | Min | Max | PSF (A) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-07 | 4 | $1.54M | $1.27M | $1.75M | $1,429 |
| 2026-06 | 1 | $1.61M | $1.61M | $1.61M | $1,343 |
| 2026-05 | 1 | $1.54M | $1.54M | $1.54M | $1,289 |
| 2026-04 | 2 | $1.77M | $1.72M | $1.81M | $1,744 |
| 2026-03 | 1 | $1.44M | $1.44M | $1.44M | $1,205 |
| 2026-01 | 2 | $1.58M | $1.43M | $1.73M | $1,435 |
| 2025-12 | 2 | $1.58M | $1.3M | $1.87M | $1,432 |
| 2025-10 | 2 | $1.5M | $1.46M | $1.54M | $1,380 |
| 2025-09 | 1 | $1.86M | $1.86M | $1.86M | $1,800 |
| 2025-08 | 3 | $1.47M | $1.25M | $1.9M | $1,244 |
| Condo | Type | Units | Sales | Price (A) | PSF (A) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EAST MEADOWS | Condo | — | 6 | $1.48M | $1,242 |
| THE GLADES | Condo | 726 | 4 | $1.84M | $1,672 |
| BEDOK COURT | Condo | — | 3 | $1.26M | $1,075 |
| ECO | Condo | 748 | 3 | $1.75M | $1,711 |
| OPTIMA @ TANAH MERAH | Condo | 297 | 2 | $1.65M | $1,643 |
| URBAN VISTA | Condo | 582 | 1 | $1.3M | $1,285 |
1,201–1,500 sqft Nearby Average Price Trend
1,201–1,500 sqft Nearby Transaction Volume
| Month | Sales | Price (A) | Min | Max | PSF (A) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-07 | 1 | $1.4M | $1.4M | $1.4M | $1,121 |
| 2026-06 | 4 | $1.84M | $1.53M | $2.05M | $1,434 |
| 2026-05 | 2 | $2.16M | $2.15M | $2.17M | $1,658 |
| 2026-04 | 7 | $1.76M | $1.42M | $2.05M | $1,386 |
| 2026-03 | 1 | $1.97M | $1.97M | $1.97M | $1,578 |
| 2026-02 | 4 | $1.84M | $1.76M | $1.91M | $1,466 |
| 2026-01 | 3 | $1.75M | $1.56M | $2M | $1,274 |
| 2025-12 | 2 | $1.64M | $1.33M | $1.96M | $1,329 |
| 2025-11 | 2 | $1.75M | $1.64M | $1.86M | $1,432 |
| 2025-10 | 1 | $1.93M | $1.93M | $1.93M | $1,532 |
| 2025-08 | 6 | $1.79M | $1.53M | $2.05M | $1,398 |
| Condo | Type | Units | Sales | Price (A) | PSF (A) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CASA MERAH | Apt | 556 | 17 | $1.94M | $1,551 |
| EAST MEADOWS | Condo | — | 7 | $1.64M | $1,262 |
| THE TANAMERA | Condo | — | 4 | $1.61M | $1,220 |
| EAST VILLAGE | Apt | 90 | 2 | $1.39M | $1,122 |
| OPTIMA @ TANAH MERAH | Condo | 297 | 1 | $2.15M | $1,707 |
| TANAH MERAH MANSION | Condo | — | 1 | $1.56M | $1,178 |
| URBAN VISTA | Condo | 582 | 1 | $2M | $1,376 |
1,501–2,000 sqft Nearby Average Price Trend
1,501–2,000 sqft Nearby Transaction Volume
| Month | Sales | Price (A) | Min | Max | PSF (A) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-06 | 1 | $3.12M | $3.12M | $3.12M | $1,909 |
| 2026-05 | 3 | $1.96M | $1.7M | $2.3M | $1,247 |
| 2026-03 | 1 | $2.38M | $2.38M | $2.38M | $1,535 |
| 2026-02 | 1 | $6M | $6M | $6M | $3,386 |
| 2025-10 | 1 | $1.8M | $1.8M | $1.8M | $1,039 |
| 2025-09 | 1 | $5.15M | $5.15M | $5.15M | $2,600 |
| 2025-08 | 1 | $3.84M | $3.84M | $3.84M | $1,957 |
| Condo | Type | Units | Sales | Price (A) | PSF (A) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PEAKVIEW ESTATE | Terrace House | — | 3 | $5M | $2,648 |
| BEDOK COURT | Condo | — | 2 | $1.75M | $1,010 |
| CASA MERAH | Apt | 556 | 1 | $2.38M | $1,535 |
| LIMAU PARK | Condo | — | 1 | $2.3M | $1,515 |
| TANAH MERAH GREEN | Terrace House | — | 1 | $3.12M | $1,909 |
| THE TANAMERA | Condo | — | 1 | $1.89M | $1,245 |
2,001–3,000 sqft Nearby Average Price Trend
2,001–3,000 sqft Nearby Transaction Volume
| Month | Sales | Price (A) | Min | Max | PSF (A) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-07 | 1 | $2.33M | $2.33M | $2.33M | $1,026 |
| 2026-04 | 2 | $2.39M | $2.38M | $2.4M | $1,001 |
| 2026-01 | 2 | $3.15M | $2.75M | $3.56M | $1,424 |
| 2025-08 | 1 | $2.33M | $2.33M | $2.33M | $1,031 |
| Condo | Type | Units | Sales | Price (A) | PSF (A) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BEDOK COURT | Condo | — | 2 | $2.36M | $1,042 |
| KEW GATE | Terrace House | — | 2 | $2.36M | $988 |
| CASA MERAH | Apt | 556 | 1 | $2.75M | $1,252 |
| TANAH MERAH GREEN | Terrace House | — | 1 | $3.56M | $1,596 |
>3,000 sqft Nearby Average Price Trend
>3,000 sqft Nearby Transaction Volume
| Month | Sales | Price (A) | Min | Max | PSF (A) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-07 | 1 | $665K | $665K | $665K | $155 |
| 2026-05 | 1 | $5.35M | $5.35M | $5.35M | $1,776 |
| 2026-02 | 1 | $3.6M | $3.6M | $3.6M | $956 |
| 2025-10 | 1 | $5M | $5M | $5M | $1,230 |
| 2025-09 | 2 | $5.4M | $4.8M | $6M | $1,640 |
| 2025-08 | 1 | $3.8M | $3.8M | $3.8M | $512 |
| Condo | Type | Units | Sales | Price (A) | PSF (A) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PEAKVIEW ESTATE | Semi-detached House | — | 2 | $5.4M | $1,640 |
| SIEW LIM PARK | Semi-detached House | — | 2 | $2.83M | $693 |
| ECO | Terrace House | 748 | 1 | $3.6M | $956 |
| ENGLISH VILLAS | Semi-detached House | — | 1 | $3.8M | $512 |
| KEW PLACE | Semi-detached House | — | 1 | $5.35M | $1,776 |
Market Interpretation
GRANDEUR PARK RESIDENCES recorded 32 transactions during the latest 12 months, providing a more useful recent basis for comparison.
Its median PSF is approximately 30.8% above the District 16 project median, indicating a premium relative to the wider district market.
Within 1 km, 20 nearby condominiums were identified; 17 recorded at least one sale during the same period. These projects provide additional context where the subject development has limited recent activity.
This is a rules-based interpretation of recorded transactions and nearby project data, not a formal valuation.Project Details
About GRANDEUR PARK RESIDENCES
GRANDEUR PARK RESIDENCES is a condominium in Singapore District 16, completed in 2020 with 99 yrs lease commencing from 2016. It recorded 32 transactions during the latest 12-month period in the database, with a median transacted price of $1.54M and a median of $2,016 psf. The most frequently transacted size range is 501–780 sqft, representing 40.6% of transactions with recorded floor area. TANAH MERAH MRT STATION is approximately 250 m away by straight-line distance. 2 primary schools are located within a 1 km straight-line radius.
Get Property AdviceDisclaimer: The information, charts and statistics on this page are derived from publicly available Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) transaction records and are provided for general informational purposes only. While every reasonable effort is made to keep the information accurate and up to date, all data, calculations, trends and market insights are estimates and should not be relied upon as the sole basis for financial, investment, legal, valuation or property decisions. Users should independently verify the information and seek professional advice where appropriate.